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Five Landmark Medical Breakthroughs Mark America's 250th Anniversary, Doctors Say

7/4/2026

physicians have identified five medical innovations — spanning orthopedics, psychiatry, oncology, cardiology and neuroscience — that define the nation's contribution to medicine as America marks 250 years since its founding in 1776.

Experts affiliated with Baptist Health in Florida and a West Virginia-based psychiatrist cited advances from joint replacement surgery to brain stimulation therapies as having fundamentally reshaped patient outcomes.

Joint Replacement Surgery John Uribe, MD, orthopedic surgeon and system chief executive at Baptist Health Orthopedic Care in Florida, named the evolution of joint replacement — particularly of the hip and knee — as the greatest breakthrough in orthopedics.

A generation ago, severe arthritis or joint damage often meant a lifetime of pain and loss of independence, Uribe said.

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